Table 1 Summary of the related works
SN | Study | Main considerations | Concept proof | Weakness |
|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Samudrala et al. [21] | Outage identifiability. Zero Insertion Bus and Network expansion | IEEE 37 and IEEE 123 feeders | Did not analyze the costs on either fixing or shifting the sensors when the network expands. Did not consider the DG |
2 | Patil et al. [37] | Single PMU loss and Zero-Injection Bus conditions | Computer simulation results with IEEE 14, IEEE 39, IEEE 118, and KPTCL 155 | Limited to transmission and primary distribution network and did not consider network topology and expansion |
3 | El-Sehiemy et al. [38] | Observability depth, measurement redundancy, and robustness of the method under Contingencies | Applied to five benchmark systems IEEE 14-bus, 30-bus, 39-bus, 57-bus, and 118-bus | Limited to transmission and primary distribution network and did not consider network topology and expansion |
4 | Kaur and Kaur [39] | Measurement redundancy | The algorithm has been tested on IEEE 14-bus, 18-bus, 24-bus, 30-bus, 34-bus, IEEE 69-bus and 118-bus | Did not take considerations on the large systems with more than 1000 buses and topological behavior |
5 | Singh et al. [20] | Voltage stability-based contingency and intensely islanding | Simulations done using IEEE 14,30,118-bus New England 39-bus and Indian NRPG 246-bus | Limited to small network and did not address network topology and expansion |
6 | Armendariz et al. [22] | Considered the presence of smart meters and pseudo-meters for observability | Cigré LV benchmark grid | Did not consider unbalance behavior, sensitivity bus and future network expansions |
7 | Gopakumar et al. [40] | Measurement redundancy, conventional measurements and Single PMU outage | IEEE standard bus systems, western region Indian power grid (WRIPG) and the southern region Indian 7power grid (SRIPG) | Small-sized network with simulation results up to a maximum of 321. The study did not also consider the network growth factor |
8 | Puri and Brar [41] | Cost and observability | Simulation using IEEE 9, IEEE 39, IEEE 68-bus systems | Focused on transmission network and did not consider reliability and topological changes |
9 | Mazhari et al. [26] | Line outages and PMU losses | IEEE standard test systems as well as the Iranian 230- and 400-kV transmission grids | Based on the transmission and did not address key issues including bus sensitivity, DER, and expansion |
10 | Gao et al. [42] | Cost and observability | Numerical simulation results of IEEE 14-bus and New England 39-bus system | No considerations on reliability, network expansion, and redundancy |
11 | Baldwin et al. [43] | Observability and cost | Computer simulations | Limited by computational time and burden |