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Table 2 Comparison of impulse impedance of more than one vertical grounding rod with and without consideration of mutual coupling for \(\rho =\) 100 Ω.m

From: Analysis of grounding system transient with consideration of soil ionization and mutual coupling effect

Current peak (kA)

Two vertical rods

Four vertical rods

Impulse impedance (Ω)

Relative difference (in %)

Impulse impedance (Ω)

Relative difference (in %)

With mutual coupling

Without mutual coupling

With mutual coupling

Without mutual coupling

10

13.40

13.00

2.98

8.00

7.80

2.50

20

12.10

11.60

4.13

7.60

7.30

3.94

50

9.20

8.70

5.43

7.30

700

4.11

100

8.20

7.70

6.10

6.80

6.40

5.88