Control variables | Initial [19] | ABC [17] | FA [17] | CLPSO [21] | DE [22] | HFA [18] | GSA [17] | OGSA [20] | ALC-PSO [16] | KHA [23] | CKHA [23] | KAPSO [12] | KAGA [12] | HHO | Proposed OHHO |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tap11 | 1.078 | 0.97 | 1 | 0.9154 | 1.0465 | 0.980051 | 1.098450 | 1.0585 | 0.9521 | 0.9541 | 0.9916 | 1.0314 | 1.0442 | 0.9888 | 0.9887 |
Tap12 | 1.069 | 1.05 | 0.94 | 0.9 | 0.9097 | 0.950021 | 0.982481 | 0.9089 | 1.0299 | 1.0412 | 0.9538 | 0.9581 | 0.9119 | 0.9888 | 0.9887 |
Tap15 | 1.032 | 0.99 | 1 | 0.9 | 0.9867 | 0.970171 | 1.095909 | 1.0141 | 0.9721 | 0.9514 | 0.9603 | 0.9698 | 0.9883 | 0.9888 | 0.9887 |
Tap36 | 1.068 | 0.99 | 0.97 | 0.9397 | 0.9689 | 0.970039 | 1.059339 | 1.0182 | 0.9657 | 0.9541 | 0.9670 | 0.9777 | 0.9821 | 0.9888 | 0.9887 |
VG1 | 1.05 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.071652 | 1.0500 | 1.0500 | 1.0500 | 1.0500 | 1.0825 | 1.0797 | 1.10 | 1.10 |
VG2 | 1.04 | 1.0615 | 1.0644 | 1.1 | 1.0931 | 1.054332 | 1.022199 | 1.0410 | 1.0384 | 1.0381 | 1.0473 | 1.0641 | 1.0621 | 1.10 | 1.10 |
VG5 | 1.01 | 1.0711 | 1.07455 | 1.0795 | 1.0736 | 1.075146 | 1.040094 | 1.0154 | 1.0108 | 1.0110 | 1.0293 | 1.0332 | 1.0333 | 1.10 | 1.10 |
VG8 | 1.01 | 1.0849 | 1.0869 | 1.1 | 1.0756 | 1.086885 | 1.050721 | 1.0267 | 1.0210 | 1.0250 | 1.0350 | 1.0374 | 1.0362 | 1.10 | 1.10 |
VG11 | 1.05 | 1.1 | 1.09164 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 0.977122 | 1.0082 | 1.0500 | 1.0500 | 1.0500 | 1.0819 | 1.0621 | 1.10 | 1.10 |
VG13 | 1.05 | 1.0665 | 1.099 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 0.967650 | 1.0500 | 1.0500 | 1.0500 | 1.0500 | 1.0398 | 1.0544 | 1.10 | 1.10 |
QC10 | 0 | 5 | 3 | 4.9265 | 5 | 4.700304 | 1.653790 | 0.0330 | 0.0090 | 0.0089 | 0.0092 | 4.9797 | 4.5972 | 0.05 | 0.0398 |
QC12 | 0 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 4.706143 | 4.372261 | 0.0249 | 0.0126 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 2.2098 | 2.5990 | 0.05 | 0.0381 |
QC15 | 0 | 5 | 3.3 | 5 | 5 | 4.700662 | 0.119957 | 0.0177 | 0.0209 | 0.0141 | 0.0153 | 4.9254 | 5.0 | 0.0398 | 0.0374 |
QC17 | 0 | 5 | 3.5 | 5 | 5 | 2.30591 | 2.087617 | 0.0500 | 0.0500 | 0.04989 | 0.0497 | 4.6838 | 3.8280 | 0.05 | 0.05 |
QC20 | 0 | 4.1 | 3.9 | 5 | 4.406 | 4.80352 | 0.357729 | 0.0334 | 0.0031 | 0.0314 | 0.0302 | 2.9661 | 4.3910 | 0.05 | 0.0383 |
QC21 | 0 | 3.3 | 3.2 | 5 | 5 | 4.902598 | 0.260254 | 0.0403 | 0.0293 | 0.0345 | 0.0500 | 4.9994 | 5.0 | 0.05 | 0.05 |
QC23 | 0 | 0.9 | 1.3 | 5 | 2.8004 | 4.804034 | 0.000000 | 0.0269 | 0.0226 | 0.0241 | 0.0134 | 3.6618 | 2.1225 | 0.0344 | 0.0362 |
QC24 | 0 | 5 | 3.5 | 5 | 5 | 4.805296 | 1.383953 | 0.0500 | 0.0500 | 0.0500 | 0.0500 | 4.8890 | 5.0 | 0.05 | 0.05 |
QC29 | 0 | 2.4 | 1.42 | 5 | 2.5979 | 3.398351 | 0.000317 | 0.0194 | 0.0107 | 0.0107 | 0.0121 | 2.8936 | 3.3295 | 0.5 | 0.0411 |
Ploss, MW | 5.811 | 4.6022 | 4.5691 | 4.5615 | 4.555 | 4.529 | 4.514310 | 4.4984 | 4.4793 | 3.6500 | 3.2400 | 3.0948 | 3.0932 | 3.09 | 3.08 |
Total operating cost \(\times 10^{6}\)($) | 3.0542 | Not Reported | 1.6231 | 1.6205 |