Table 1 Configuration settings for the optimization method

Population size (pop)

\(n \times 4\)

Cognitive parameter (\(c_{1}\))

2.04

Social parameter (\(c_{2}\))

2.04

Random number \((r_{1} {\text{ and }}r_{2} )\)

\(0 \le r_{i} \le 1, \, i = 1,2\)

Inertia parameter (\(w_{\max } {\text{ and }}w_{\min }\))

0.9–0.4