A narrative perspective of island detection methods under the lens of cyber-attack in data-driven smart grid

Journal of Electrical Systems and Information Technology

Table 4 Summary of various hybrid island detection technique

Technique	Advantage	Drawback	Speed	DG network type	DG system	Detection time	References
Voltage unbalance and frequency set-point	Multiple islanding condition can be detected and has small NDZ	Power quality is degraded	Fast	Mesh	Inverter based	< 2 s	[78]
Average rate of voltage change and real power shift technique	Small NDZ	Degradation of power quality	Low	Radial	Inverter based	0.51 s	[79]
Hybrid SFS and QF method	Low NDZ and decrease the effect of active method	Slightly degrade power quality	High	Radial	Inverter-based	≤ 0.4 s	[81]
Voltage fluctuation injection	Accuracy in island detection and has small NDZ	Power quality get affected and degraded	High	Radial	Inverter based	0.3 s	[82]