Table 2 Eigenvalues of the suspension system
Eigenvalues with passive suspension system | Eigenvalues with GA-based PID controller | Eigenvalues with proposed GOA-based PID controller |
|---|---|---|
− 8.7294 + 58.1529i | − 1.2770 + 59.3639i | − 0.6639 + 62.9605i |
− 8.7294 − 58.1529i | − 1.2770 − 59.3639i | − 0.6639 − 62.9605i |
− 1.4694 + 7.1995i | − 2.9426 + 7.0564i | − 2.7667 + 10.5725i |
− 1.4694 − 7.1995i | − 2.9426 − 7.0564i | − 2.7667 − 10.5725i |
− 0.0102 + 0.0000i | − 0.0352 + 0.0000i |