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Table 1 The comparative results of G01–G24 benchmark functions using different algorithms

From: Optimal reactive power dispatch using a novel optimization algorithm

Function

 

PSO

BBO

DE

ABC

HTS

TLBO

JAYA

G01

Best

−15

−14.977

−15

−15

 − 15

−15

−15

(−15.00)

Mean

−14.71

−14.7698

−14.555

−15

−15

−10.782

−15

G02

Best

−0.669158

−0.7821

−0.472

−0.803598

− 0 .7517

−0.7835

−0.803605

(−0.803619)

Mean

−0.41996

−0.7642

−0.665

−0.792412

−0.6437

−0.6705

−0.7968

G03

Best

1

−1.0005

−0.99393

−1

−1.0005

−1.0005

−1.005

(−1.0005)

Mean

0.764813

−0.3957

−1

−1

−0.9004

−0.8

−1

G04

Best

−30,665.539

−30,665.539

−30,665.539

−30,665.539

−30,665.539

−30,665.539

−30,665.539

(−30,665.539)

Mean

−30,665.539

−30,411.865

−30,665.539

−30,665.539

−30,665.539

−30,665.539

−30,665.539

G05

Best

5126.484

5134.2749

5126.484

5126.484

5126.486

5126.486

5126.486

−5126.486

Mean

5135.973

6130.5289

5264.27

5185.714

5126.5152

5126.6184

5126.5061

G06

Best

−6961.814

−6961.8139

−6954.434

−6961.814

−6961.814

−6961.814

−6961.814

(−6961.814)

Mean

−6961.814

−6181.7461

−6954.434

−6961.813

−6961.814

−6961.814

−6961.814

G07

Best

24.37

25.6645

24.306

24.33

24.3104

24.3101

24.3062

−24.3062

Mean

32.407

29.829

24.31

24.473

24.4945

24.837

24.3092

G08

Best

−0.095825

−0.095825

−0.095825

−0.095825

−0.095825

−0.095825

−0.095825

(−0.095825)

Mean

−0.095825

−0.95824

−0.095825

−0.095825

−0.095825

−0.095825

−0.095825

G09

Best

680.63

680.6301

680.63

680.634

680.6301

680.6301

680.6301

−680.6301

Mean

680.63

692.7162

680.63

680.634

680.6329

680.6336

680.6301

G10

Best

7049.481

7679.0681

7049.548

7053.904

7049.4836

7250.9704

7049.312

−7049.28

Mean

7205.5

8764.9864

7147.334

7224.407

7119.7015

7257.0927

7052.7841

G11

Best

0.749

0.7499

0.752

0.75

0.7499

0.7499

0.7499

−0.7499

Mean

0.749

0.83057

0.901

0.75

0.7499

0.7499

0.7499

G12

Best

−1

−1

−1

−1

−1

−1

−1

(−1)

Mean

−0.998875

−1

−1

−1

−1

−1

−1

G13

Best

0.085655

0.62825

0.385

0.76

0.37319

0.44015

0.003625

(−0.05394)

Mean

0.569358

1.09289

0.872

0.968

0.66948

0.69055

0.003627

G14

Best

−44.9343

54.6679

−45.7372

−44.6431

−47.7278

−46.5903

−47.7322

(–47.764)

Mean

−40.871

175.9832

−29.2187

−40.1071

−46.4076

−39.9725

−46.6912

G15

Best

961.715

962.664

961.715

961.7568

961.715

961.715

961.715

−961.715

Mean

965.5154

1001.4367

961.7537

966.2868

961.75

962.8641

961.715

G16

Best

−1.9052

−1.9052

−1.9052

−1.9052

−1.9052

−1.9052

−1.9052

(–1.9052)

Mean

−1.9052

−1.6121

−1.9052

−1.9052

−1.9052

−1.9052

−1.9052

G17

Best

8857.514

9008.5594

8854.6501

8859.713

8853.5396

8853.5396

8853.5396

−8853.5396

Mean

8899.4721

9384.268

8932.0444

8941.9245

8877.9175

8876.5071

8872.5402

G18

Best

−0.86603

−0.65734

−0.86531

−0.86603

−0.86603

−0.86603

−0.86603

(–0.86603)

Mean

−0.8276

−0.56817

−0.86165

−0.86587

−0.77036

−0.86569

−0.86602

G19

Best

33.5358

39.1471

32.6851

33.3325

32.7132

32.7916

32.6803

−32.6555

Mean

36.6172

51.8769

32.768

36.0078

32.7903

34.0792

32.7512

G20

Best

0.24743

1.26181

0.24743

0.24743

0.24743

0.24743

0.24139

−0.204979

Mean

0.97234

1.43488

0.26165

0.80536

0.25519

1.22037

0.24385

G21

Best

193.7311

198.8151

193.7346

193.7343

193.7264

193.7246

193.5841

−193.274

Mean

345.6595

367.2513

366.9193

275.5436

256.6091

264.6092

193.7219

G22

Best

−258.74

−267.15

−249.12

−243.43

−272.78

−248.78

−242.45

−236.4309

Mean

−255.55

−254.44

−249.46

−251.33

−265.66

−252.56

−239.05

G23

Best

−105.9826

2.3163

−72.642

−43.2541

−390.6472

−385.0043

−391.5192

(–400.055)

Mean

−25.9179

22.1401

−7.2642

−4.3254

−131.2522

−83.7728

−381.2312

G24

Best

−5.508

−5.508

−5.508

−5.508

−5.508

−5.508

−5.508

(−5.5080)

Mean

−5.508

−5.4982

−5.508

−5.508

−5.508

−5.508

−5.508