Butterfly optimizer-assisted optimal integration of REDG units in hybrid AC/DC distribution micro-grids based on minimum operational area

Journal of Electrical Systems and Information Technology

Table 3 Summary of optimal allocation of REDG units in 33-bus AC/DC hybrid distribution micro-grid results with and without considering HPC losses

Parameter	Without HPC losses (WOHPCL)													With HPC losses (WHPCL)
	Base Case	NM [27]		PSO [22]		CS [27]		HNMCS [27]		BOA CASE-1		BOA CASE-2		Base Case	BOA CASE-2
	Base Case	REDG@7	REDG@26	REDG@7	REDG@26	REDG@7	REDG@26	REDG@7	REDG@26	REDG@7	REDG@26	REDG@13	REDG@30	Base Case	REDG@12	REDG@30
Solar-PV optimal area (m²)		5278.56	1278.56	5000.83	4295.87	2747.71	4583.19	2191.53	2675.18	2332.7	1361	1678	1507.8		895.3438	664.5533
Solar-PV optimal power required (kW)		639.76	156.80	606.10	520.66	333.02	555.48	265.61	324.23	283	165	203	183		108.5157	80.5439
FC optimal area (m²)		306.36	584.93	301.82	261.18	414.73	246.72	442.45	342.32	435.4	408.1	265.4	392.4		355.4116	395.3083
FC optimal power required (kW)		739.30	1416.20	730.74	632.34	1004.11	597.33	1071.22	828.81	1054	988	643	950		860.4901	957.0845
Total area required (m²)		7462.57		9859.70		7992.35		5651.49		4537.2		3843.6			2310.6
Total power loss (kW)	139.7	48.33		47.52		46.07		46.07		46.0532		26.8325		171.7	27.3390
Power loss reduction (%)		65.45		66.0		67.0		67.07		67.05		80.80
Convergence time (s)		1.06		12.61		9.22		8.86		7.05		8.27			7.14	8.54
Number of PV panels		320	77	303	260	167	278	133	163	142	83	102	92		54	40
Number of FC		29	56	29	25	39	23	43	33	42	39	26	38		34	38