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Table 2 Modeling characteristics of PHES

From: An overview of inertia requirement in modern renewable energy sourced grid: challenges and way forward

Modeling parameters

Range of values

Refs.

Average construction Time [Months]

36–42

[47]

Energy to Power Ratio (MWh/MW)

10:1

[94]

Investment Cost (US$/MWh)

175,000

[91]

Start-up time charging/discharging (min)

15/5

[89]

Shut-down time charging/discharging (min)

5/10

[89]

Ramp rate (%Pnom/min)

20

[89]

Power capacity

100–1000 MW

[91]

Operation & maintenance costs ($/kW)

3

[91]