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Table 6 Percentage forecast errors associated with the various models for energy data for a photocopier

From: Improvement of Grey System Model using Particle Swarm Optimization

 

PSO-GM(1,1)

GM(1,1)

Method in [18]

Method in [19]

 

1.0143

1.0516

7.2695

1.7258

 

– 0.6257

– 0.5890

2.5204

0.0963

 

1.2435

1.2782

1.0707

1.9509

 

– 0.7202

– 0.6860

– 4.3350

0

MAPE

 0.9009

0.9012

3.7989

0.9433