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Table 1 Summary of recent health risk detection and prediction models for CKD

From: Early prediction of chronic kidney disease based on ensemble of deep learning models and optimizers

Paper

Detection/prediction

Dataset/number of samples

Dataset description

Algorithm

Highest accuracy

Qin-2019 [11]

Detection

Not available

Demographic features, Laboratory results, and ultrasound images

Logistic regression, random forest, support vector machines

99.75%

Jongbo-2020 [1]

Detection

CKD dataset-1/400

[15]

Demographic features: age, sex, race, and ethnicity. Medical features: blood pressure, blood sugar

Ensemble: KNN, NB, DT

100%

Ma-2020 [13]

Detection

Not available

Ultrasound images

SVM, DT, RF, KNN, HMANN

HMANN 98%

Gudeti-2020 [7]

Detection

CKD dataset-1/400

[15]

Demographic features: age, sex, race, and ethnicity. Medical features: blood pressure, blood sugar

SVM, LR and KNN

SVM 99.2%

Chittora-2021 [12]

Detection

CKD dataset-1/400

[15]

Demographic features: age, sex, race, and ethnicity. Medical features: blood pressure, blood sugar

C5.0, CHAID, ANN, LSVM, LR, RT and KNN

LSVM 98.86%

Senan-2021 [8]

Detection

CKD dataset-1/400

[15]

Demographic features: age, sex, race, and ethnicity. Medical features: blood pressure, blood sugar

SVM, RF, KNN, DT

RF 100%

Alsuhibany-2021[14]

Detection

CKD dataset-1/400

[15]

Demographic features: age, sex, race, and ethnicity. Medical features: blood pressure, blood sugar

Ensemble (DBN, KELM, CNN-GRU)

%96.9

Krishnamurthy-2021 [9]

Prediction

CKD dataset-2/90,000

[10]

Comorbidities, medications, age, gender,

CNN, BLSTM, LightGBM, LR, RF, DT

CNN

89% (6 months)

88% (12 months)

Singh-2022 [17]

Detection

CKD dataset-1/400

[15]

Demographic features: age, sex, race, and ethnicity. Medical features: blood pressure, blood sugar

SVM, KNN, LR, RF, Naive Bayes and DNN

DNN 100%

Sawhney-2023

[18]

Detection

Not available

age, blood sugar, red blood cell counts and medical data

SVM, DT, MLP, RF, LR

MLP 100%